Prayer of St. Francis

St. Louis Bertrand Parish-Asingan History

Our Report In Astronomy(Summarized)

The Milky Way

Our own galaxy consists of about 200 billion stars, with our own Sun being a fairly typical specimen. It is a fairly large spiral galaxy and it has three main components: a disk, in which the solar system resides, a central bulgeat the core, and an all encompassing halo.

Disk:

The disk of the Milky Way has four spiral arms and it is approximately 300pc thick and 30kpc in diameter. It is made up predominantly of Population I stars which tend to be blue and are reasonably young, spanning an age range between a million and ten billion years.

Bulge:

bulge, at the centre of the galaxy, is a flattened spheroid of dimension 1kpc by 6kpc. This is a high density region where Population II stars predominate---stars which tend toward red and are very old, about 10 billion years. There is growing evidence for a very massive black hole at its centre.

Halo:

The halo, which is a diffuse spherical region, surrounds the disk. It has a low density of old stars mainly in globular clusters (these consist of between 10,000 - 1,000,000 stars).The halo is believed to be composed mainly of dark matter which may extend well beyond the edge of the disk.

The Size of Milky Way Galaxy- 100,000 light years in diameter and our Sun is almost 30,000 light years from the center of the center of this galaxy.

The Mass of Milky Way- 1,000,000,000,000 times the mass of our Sun

Major components of Milky Way

1.      Star clusters and stellar associations - Though most of the stars in our Milky Way exists as either a single star (the Sun), but there are a number of well defined groups and clusters of stars, which has thousands of member stars. This type of formation of stars in a galaxy can be subdivided into three main categories-globular, open and stellar associations, moving groups-age and numbers are the main distinguished parts of star sub division system.

2.      Emission nebulas- Emission Nebulous are mainly a kind of cloud-like objects consists or bright and diffusive gases and stars

3.      Planetary nebulas- nebulas are gaseous clouds. They are so called because they almost resemble disk shaped planets when you look at them with telescope. This type of nebula represents the end stage of stellar life cycle. So, far over 1,000 planetary nebulas have been identified in our Galaxy.

4. Supernova remnant- They are another form of nebulous objects found in our galaxy, in the form of gas. The main reason of their existence is because of the forming of super massive stars or supernova. Though they almost look like planetary nebulas, but they have three distinguished characteristics that make them differ from other types of nebulas-they have larger mass, higher velocity, short life-time.

5.      Dust clouds- They are located, mainly, to the Milky Way Plane and they are very conspicuous in the region of spiral arms of our galaxy. Dust clouds over 2000 light years distant from our Sun are not detectable with any optical telescope. Dust clouds can have masses over several hundred of solar masses and their maximum size can be about 200 light years.

6. Interstellarmedium-

CONSTELLATIONS

1.      Andromeda, the princess- Andromeda was an ancient princess who was saved from being sacrificed to the sea monster Cetus by the hero Perseus.

2. Antlia, the air pump- Originally called AntliaPneumatica, it was one of several constellations created to represent newly invented machines of the era.

3.      Apus, the bird of paradise- It is a constellation of the Southern Hemisphere, created to honor the new types of birds discovered by European explorers in the Americas.

4.      Aquarius, the water bearer- Aquarius is located in a part of the sky known as "the Water" that is full of water-related constellations. Aquarius represents the youthful shepherd boy Ganymede who was abducted by the Greek god Zeus and brought to Olympus to serve as cupbearer to the gods.

5.      Aquila, the eagle- Aquila is the eagle that was the symbol of the ancient god Zeus. Aquila was known to carry Zeus's thunderbolts, and was sent to bring the youth Ganymede to Olympus to serve as cupbearer to the gods.

6.      Ara, the altar- It represents the altar created by the Olympian gods after they defeated the Titans. It can be found below Scorpius, located near the constellations of Lupus and Centaraus.

7.      Aries, the ram- Aries represents the golden ram whose fleece Jason and Argonauts sought.

8.      Auriga, the charioteer- One of the earliest constellations to be recognized.Auriga may represent the lame Greek god Hephaestus or his son, each one is credited with inventing the chariot.

9.      Bootes, the bear-driver- The word Bootes means "ox driver" and the constellation is said to be a farmer using the the plough (the Big Dipper) to plough his fields.

10.  Caelum, the chisel- It is meant to represent the tool used by engravers.

11. Camelopardalis, the giraffe- It was created to fill a region of the sky devoid of constellations. It is surrounded by the Ursa Major, Auriga, Perseus, Ursa Minor, and others. It contains no bright stars, and is a challenge to find from any area that does not have a totally darkened sky.

12.  Cancer, the crab- Cancer represents the crab that Hera sent to distract the hero Hercules as he was fighting the sea serpent Hydra. The constellation of Cancer contains no bright stars so it is one of the hardest of the zodiac constellations to find.

13.  Canes Venatici, the hunting dogs- This constellation is said to represent the two hunting dogs of the nearby constellation, Bootes.

14.  Canis Major, the large dog- Within the constellation can be found the brightest star in the night sky Sirius, also known as the "Dog Star".

15. Canis Minor, the little dog- The constellation is one of the smallest in the sky and is composed primarily by only two bright stars.

16.  Capricornus, the sea-goat- Capricornus is one of the ancient constellations of the zodiac. Although it is a fairly large constellation, its stars are dim and it is difficult to see unless the sky is completely dark. Capricornus represents the Greek god Pan who was often represented as partially being a goat. In order to escape the monster Typhon, Pan dived into a river and attempted to change himself into a fish.

17.  Carina, the keel- Carina represents the keel of the ship. The constellation is difficult to see from most of the United States.

18.  Cassiopeia, the queen- An ancient constellation that is part of the story of Perseus and Andromeda. Cassiopeia was the mother of Andromeda, and because of her boasting that she was more beautiful than the sea nymphs, the Nereids, she was forced by the god Poseidon to sacrifice her daughter to the sea monster Cetus. Also as punishment the image of Cassiopeia was placed in the sky in such a way that during part of the year the queen appears upside down.

19.  Centaurus, the centaur- According to legend Centaurus is supposed to represent, Chiron a gentle and intellectual centaur. He was the teacher of many of the heroes of ancient legends, including Hercules, Achilles, and Jason.

20.  Cepheus, the king- An ancient constellation that is part of the story of Perseus and Andromeda.Cepheus is the father of Andromeda and the husband to Cassiopeia. He was forced to stand back and watch as his wife's boasting resulted in misfortune and almost the death of their daughter.

21.  Cetus, the whale or sea-monster- An ancient constellation that is part of the story of Perseus and Andromeda.Cetus was the monster that Andromeda was to be sacrificed to in order to ease the anger of the sea god Poseidon. Cetus is an extremely large constellation that has been represented as both a sea-monster or as simply a whale.

22. Chamaeleon, the chameleon- A modern constellation created by Johann Bayer in 1603. It is found close the south celestial pole, so it is impossible to see from the United States and Canada.
23. Chamaeleon, the chameleon- A modern constellation created by Johann Bayer in 1603. It is found close the south celestial pole, so it is impossible to see from the United States and Canada.

24.  Columba, the dove- The constellation can be found directly south of the constellation of Orion. A southerly constellation, it can be seen by those living in the southern United States.

25.  Delphinus, the dolphin- A small but ancient constellation that is easily located in the night sky. Delphinus represents the dolphin that helped the sea god Poseidon win the heart of his wife, the mermaid Amphitrite. In another story Delphinus is the dolphin that helped the musician Arion escape from sailors who attempted to throw him overboard and steal his belongings. The god Apollo was so moved by Arion's music, he sent the dolphin to carry him to the shore.

26.  Dorado, the goldfish- Dorado represents not the goldfish kept as pets, but a type of fish that can be found in the seas of the Southern Hemisphere.

27.  Gemini, the twins- ancient constellation of the zodiac and one of the only that resembles its namesake. The twins of Gemini, Castor and Pollux, were sons of Zeus and the mortal woman Leda. They were brothers of Helen of Troy. The twins were said to spend all there time together, and were part of the crew of the Argo with Jason when he attempted to retrieve the Golden Fleece. The twins were considered protectors of sailors.

28.  Hercules, the strongman- One of the most ancient constellations in the night sky. This group of stars has been recognized as a hero for millennia. Once the story of Hercules become popular this constellation was given his name. Hercules was the son of Zeus and the mortal woman Alcmene. He exhibited enormous strength since childhood and was constantly being challenged by the wife of Zeus, Hera. Because of Hera, Hercules had become indentured to King Eurystheus and had to perform his famous Twelve Labors, most of which can be found in other constellations (Hydra, Cancer, Draco). The stars of the constellation are not very bright and Hercules is usually pictured upside-down in the sky.

29.  Leo, the lion- One of the most ancient constellations in the night sky, and one of the most recognizable. The stars that make up this constellation easily form the outline of a lion. According to legend, Leo is the fierce Nemean lion that originated on the moon. The lion could not by killed by weapons, and as such terrorized the city of Nemea in ancient Greece. As one of his Twelve Labors, Hercules defeated the lion by strangling the beast with his bare hands. Zeus then returned the lion to space by placing his image among the stars.

30. Libra, the scales- Libra became a separate constellation with the Romans. During that time the sun entered this constellation during the Autumnal equinox, a time of year when day and night are nearly equal, or balanced. Libra can be found to the immediate west of Scorpius.

31.  Orion, the hunter- Orion is one of the most ancient, and most recognized constellations in the night sky. According to mythology, Orion was the son of the sea god Poseidon. He was so skilled at hunting that he boasted that he could kill every animal on the Earth. The goddess of the earth, Gaia, was so offended by his boast she sent a tiny scorpion to stop him. Orion was stung by the insect and eventually died. Both his image and that of the scorpion were placed in the sky. They are on opposite sides of the sky, so when one is above the horizon, the other is below. The constellation of Orion is large and easy to find.

32. Pegasus, the flying horse- An ancient constellation who was part of the story of Andromeda and Perseus. It was told that Pegasus was born when the hero Perseus cut off the head of Medusa and some of the blood fell into the sea. Out of the seafoam flew the mythical horse Pegasus. Pegasus was then ridden by Perseus as he rescued Andromeda. Later Pegasus became part of the legend of the hero Bellerophon, who attempted to fly him to Olympus. Zeus was offended by his actions and sent a gadfly to sting Pegasus, who bucked, thus throwing the hero off. The constellation of Pegasus is composed primary of the four stars known as the "Great Square", these stars comprise the body of the horse. Other stars extend off of the square creating the neck and head, and front legs. Most pictures of the constellation show only the front part of the horse and he is pictured upside down in the sky. Pegasus can be found south the the bright constellation of Cassiopeia, and east of the asterism known as the "Summer Triangle".

33.  Phoenix, the phoenix- The phoenix is a mythical bird who lived for 500 years. At the end of its life it would build a nest of spices, twigs, and fragrances.

34.  Pisces, the fish- While it is one of the largest and most ancient constellations, Pisces is also one of the most difficult to see. According to legend the constellation is composed of two fish who are connected together by a ribbon. The fish are the goddess Aphrodite and her son Eros (Roman: Venus and Cupid). They turned themselves into fish in order to escape from the monster Typhon. They then connected themselves together with a ribbon in order not to be separated. The constellation is located in an area of the sky known as "the Sea" or "the Water", which is full of water related constellations. Pisces contains only faint stars, the stars however do seem to form two small circlets connected together by a string.

35.  Sagittarius, the centaur, the archer- An ancient constellation and one of the twelve constellations of the Zodiac. Sagittarius is the second constellation that is depicted as a centaur, a creature that is half-horse and half-man. The other constellation is Centaurus. Often the mythology of the two constellations is confused, Centaurus is supposed to be the wise and benevolent centaur Chiron, while Sagittarius is a more aggressive and warlike archer centaur. The shape of the centaur is difficult to see in Sagittarius, however the main stars do create the pattern of a teapot.

36.  Scorpius, the scorpion- Scorpius is one of the most ancient and the most recognizable constellations in the night sky. The pattern of stars that create this constellation can easily be imagined as a scorpion. According to mythology, Scorpius is the scorpion that the earth goddess Gaia sent to attack and kill the hunter Orion.

37.  Taurus, the bull- The mythology of the constellation is complex and varied. In Roman mythology the bull of Taurus represents the god Jupiter who turned himself into a bull in order to kidnap the maiden Europa, who he took to the island of Crete.

38.  Virgo, the maiden- Virgo is an ancient constellation, that is easily located by using its brightest member, the star Spica. Throughout history this group of stars has been pictured as a women.

DUIYM Animators Group

g Diocese of Urdaneta Animators Group during the Christ the King Youth Camp 2012 at St. Philomena's Academy, Pozorrubio, Pangasinan

My life in the Youth Ministry

“The sun will till shine will shine after the darkness of the night.” A phrase that made me a better one today. A phrase that aroused my desire to serve Him with all my heart. I always start my day before not even with a prayer and with just a sigh before sleep. I live before being just an ordinary youth and I don’t regret being a Minister today because it changed me from that unfaithful life into a more spiritual natural life.

I was then in my 4^th year of my high school life when my teacher required us to submit a Mass Attendance in my Values Education subject. I don’t know what am I going to do then, I am not a regular Mass goer before. I could easily get bored in the mass. During homilies I used to go out of the church and eat outside and will go back when the priest is done with his homily. I don’t know then what is the mass for? I don’t know why I should attend the mass? Because I grew up knowing that simple PRAYER is enough. Until such time that I learned how to appreciate what is the priest saying in front. I was in my 1^st year of my college life when they’ve told me that the teacher who required us to submit that Mass Attendance is dead. I couldn’t believe that the one who taught me how to appreciate things in the church is gone. The one that taught us to pray and to have stronger faith. I was in the church then, I just uttered simple prayer for her that she may rest in peace.

I continued being involved in church activities until I met the Youth Ministers of the Church. I don’t know what is that Youth Ministry is all about. All I know is they are the one who dances in church and sings for the church. I joined the Youth Ministry. I was invited for Youth Encounter. “What is that Youth Encounter?” I asked my friend. He just told me “Come and see”. It started then my life as a Minister.

It was then that I have experienced how to mingle with other people. I am a loner before because I don’t know how to socialize. I opened my eyes knowing that few friends are enough, but the Ministry showed me the light of being a youth for everyone. It trained me to be a better person. “Madami akong natututunan sa Ministry”, that’s what I can say. Even in darkest part of my life, I would still smile because I know I have these friends that would listen to me and I can lean on. Mahirap humanap ng mga kaibigang katulad nila, mga kaibigang handang ibigay ang oras sa iyo. Mga oras na sila sana’y nasa kanilang mga tahanan ngunit pipiliin nilang puntahan ka at makinig sayo. I can’t help not to cry while I’m writing this. It is worth it to spend my time with them, than being at home listening to my parent’s words which are always against me. The Ministry knows I’m doing well but my parents are not. What can you feel if you’re in my position? Naranasan ko na rin ang pagbawalang pumunta sa simbahan, ngunit kahit anong sabihin nila, gagawa at gagawa pa rin ako ng paraan para makapunta ng simbahan. I am so lucky that my fellow youths could understand me. Thanks to them!

Sa Ministry ko rin naransan umibig, masaktan at iba pa. There are lots of experiences that are truly extra ordinary. Yung uuwi ka na nang gabi dahil overtime sa practice at pagdating sa bahay ay may napakahabang sermon na paulit-ulit ko nang naririnig simula ng pumasok ako sa Ministry. No matter how hard to explain to them, it always ends up with a simple prayer- “sana maintindihan din nila ako balang araw…” I started to be an Animator during Youth Camps, it is so happy to serve our fellow youth. I am so happy to impart anything that I know for them to be a better God’s servant. I know, lahat ng Ministers nakakaranas ng hindi pagkakaintindihan sa mga magulang, but never give up. Have faith and pray. That’s what I always do. It’s so powerful. Believe me.